Age is one of the first things we recognize about a person—along with gender and race. In today's society, ageism remains one of the most pervasive yet often-overlooked forms of discrimination. Whether intentional or not, ageist language is used in everyday conversations. And while most don’t think twice about it, ageism limits opportunities for older people and can diminish their sense of value.
“Ageism is in politics, it’s in entertainment, it’s in sports, it’s in education,” says Timothy Farrell, MD, interim chief of the and Associate Chief for Age-Friendly Care at 㽶Ƶ of Utah Health. “It’s in every sector of society. It’s so pervasive that it’s invisible.”
Reframing how we address older adults is critical to reshaping a more inclusive society. Ageism affects everyone, and we all play a part of it.
Understanding Ageism
Ageism refers to prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination against individuals or groups based on their age. While it can affect people of all ages, ageism disproportionately impacts older adults.
Here are some facts:
- Globally, are ageist against older people.
- More than commonly experience at least one form of ageism in their day-to-day lives.
- About 93% of people ages 50 through 80 receive microaggressions about their age.
- Ageism is associated with a reduced life expectancy of 7.5 years.
- Ageism is annually in the U.S. due to age discrimination and unnecessary health care costs.
“The thing about ageism is it’s so pervasive,” Farrell says. “If you go buy a greeting card, they are often incredibly ageist. They may simply imply that if you’re over 65, you’re physically declining. In reality, only 2.5% of older adults reside in nursing homes.”
Ageism harms mental and physical health. It can lead to social isolation, depression, and even reduced life expectancy. When older adults internalize these ageist beliefs, they may feel disempowered and less motivated to engage in society.
Whether embedded in institutional policies or encountered in an interaction with another person, ageism reduces the likelihood that an older adult patient will disclose what matters to them. This represents a missed opportunity to align care with their preferences, leading to unwanted treatment and higher health care costs.
The Role of Language in Ageism
Words matter. Terms that are commonly used, such as “elderly” or “senior citizen,” can evoke images of frailty and dependency. By contrast, words like “older adult” present a neutral or respectful tone.
To combat ageism, we need to shift our thinking and our language. Here are several ways we can reframe how we address older adults:
- Aging does not mean decline. In fact, many older adults are at the peak of their experience, wisdom, and ability to contribute to society. Celebrating their achievements and continuing to view them as valuable members of society helps challenge negative stereotypes.
- Use empowering, respectful language. Use language that is both neutral and respectful. Use “older adult,” “older person,” or “older people” instead of “elderly,” “geriatric,” or “senior.” Be sure to ask older adults how they prefer to be addressed.
- Speak to and about older adults as capable individuals. Ageist language often treats them as if they are no longer capable of making decisions or understanding complex issues.
- Recognize the diversity of aging. Aging is highly individualized. Many older adults remain active, work well into their 70s or 80s, and continue to pursue hobbies and interests. Others may face health challenges. Understanding that there is no one “right” way to age helps avoid harmful generalizations.
Ageism, like all forms of discrimination, is deeply rooted in how we think and speak about people. Changing the narrative around aging starts with the language we use. By being mindful of our words, celebrating the diverse experiences of older adults, and promoting respect across generations, we can create a more inclusive society where people of all ages feel valued and respected.
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